Haralambous, Haris and Paul, Krishnendu Sekhar and Singh, Arun Kumar and Gulyaeva, Tamara
(2023)
Investigation of the Topside Ionosphere over Cyprus and Russia Using Swarm Data.
Remote Sensing , 15 (5).
Art No-1344.
ISSN 2072-4292
Abstract
Using the topside electron density (Ne) measurements recorded over Cyprus and Russia, we investigate the latitudinal variation in the topside electron density during the interval 2014-2020, encompassing a period of high-to-low solar activity. The selected topside electron density dataset employed in this study is based on the in situ Langmuir probe data on board the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm satellites, in the vicinity of the three Digisonde stations in Nicosia (35.14 degrees N, 33.2 degrees E), Moscow (55.5 degrees N, 37.3 degrees E) and Saint Petersburg (60.0 degrees N, 30.7 degrees E). Our investigation demonstrates that the ratio Ne_(Swarm)/NmF2 between the coincident Ne_(Swarm) and the Digisonde NmF2 observations is higher than one on various occasions over Nicosia during the nighttime, which is not the case over Moscow and Saint Petersburg, signifying a discrepancy feature of the electron density at Swarm altitudes which depends not only on the solar activity and time of day but also on the latitude.
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