Balla, Vamsi Krishna and Das, Mitun and Bose, Sreyashree and Ram, G D Janaki and Manna, Indranil
(2013)
Laser surface modification of 316 L stainless steel with bioactive hydroxyapatite.
Materials Science and Engineering: C Materials for Biological Applications, 33 (8).
pp. 4594-4598.
ISSN 0928-4931
Abstract
Laser-engineered net shaping (LENS (TM)), a commercial additive manufacturing process, was used to modify the surfaces of 316 L stainless steel with bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP). The modified surfaces were characterized in terms of their microstructure, hardness and apatite forming ability. The results showed that with increase in laser energy input from 32 J/mm(2) to 59 J/mm(2) the thickness of the modified surface increased from 222 +/- 12 mu m to 355 +/- 6 mu m, while the average surface hardness decreased marginally from 403 +/- 18 HV03 to 372 +/- 8 HV0.3. Microstructural studies showed that the modified surface consisted of austenite dendrites with HAP and some reaction products primarily occurring in the inter-dendritic regions. Finally, the surface-modified 316 L samples immersed in simulated body fluids showed significantly higher apatite precipitation compared to unmodified 316 L samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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